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  2. Influences on Tolkien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influences_on_Tolkien

    The word occurs again in Beowulf in the phrase searonet seowed, smiþes orþancum, "[a mail-shirt, a] cunning-net sewn, by a smith's skill": Tolkien used searo in its Mercian form *saru for the name of Orthanc's ruler, the wizard Saruman, incorporating the ideas of cunning and technology into Saruman's character. [17]

  3. Languages constructed by Tolkien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_constructed_by...

    The English philologist and author J. R. R. Tolkien created several constructed languages, mostly related to his fictional world of Middle-earth.Inventing languages, something that he called glossopoeia (paralleling his idea of mythopoeia or myth-making), was a lifelong occupation for Tolkien, starting in his teens.

  4. Philology and Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philology_and_Middle-earth

    Philology, the study of comparative and historical linguistics, especially of the medieval period, had a major influence on J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy world of Middle-earth. He was a professional philologist, and made use of his knowledge of medieval literature and language to create families of Elvish languages and many details of the invented ...

  5. Sound and language in Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_and_language_in...

    J. R. R. Tolkien was both a philologist and an author of high fantasy.He had a private theory that the sound of words was directly connected to their meaning, and that certain sounds were inherently beautiful.

  6. Elvish languages of Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvish_languages_of_Middle...

    The first stanza of Tolkien's Quenya poem "Namárië", written in his Tengwar script. The Elvish languages of Middle-earth, constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien, include Quenya and Sindarin. These were the various languages spoken by the Elves of Middle-earth as they developed as a society throughout the Ages. In his pursuit for realism and in his ...

  7. Celtic influences on Tolkien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien

    Celtic influences on Middle-earth:Tolkien's Elves owe something to the Irish Tuatha Dé Danann; [1] their sanctuary of Rivendell recalls Tír na nÓg; [2] the Undying Lands echo Immrama tales; [3] [4] their Sindarin language uses some aspects of Welsh language; [5] [6] and Maedhros and Celebrimbor reflect aspects of Nuada Airgetlám.

  8. Lhammas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhammas

    The Lhammas (/ˈɬɑmɑs/), Noldorin for "account of tongues", is a work of fictional sociolinguistics, written by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1937, and published in the 1987 The Lost Road and Other Writings, volume five of The History of Middle-earth series.

  9. Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolkien's_Legendarium...

    John S. Ryan, reviewing the book for VII, called it a "luminous companion" to the 12 volumes of The History of Middle-earth, and "clearly indispensable". [2] Ryan stated that it "pays a much merited tribute" [2] to Christopher Tolkien's six decades or more of work on his father's writings, indeed from his childhood as one of the original audience for The Hobbit.