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An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. [1] Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply call "vacuum" or free space , and use the term partial vacuum to refer to an actual imperfect vacuum as one might have in a ...
The word was adopted into the English language in 1868. Later, scientists such as Ludwig Boltzmann , Josiah Willard Gibbs , and James Clerk Maxwell gave entropy a statistical basis. In 1877, Boltzmann visualized a probabilistic way to measure the entropy of an ensemble of ideal gas particles, in which he defined entropy as proportional to the ...
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
If p r is slightly less than p 0, the flow is subsonic throughout, with a minimum pressure at the throat, represented by curve B. As the pressure is reduced still further, a pressure is reached that result in M = 1 at the throat with subsonic flow throughout the remainder of the nozzle. There is another receiver pressure substantially below ...
The bar is a metric unit of pressure defined as 100,000 Pa (100 kPa), though not part of the International System of Units (SI). A pressure of 1 bar is slightly less than the current average atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level (approximately 1.013 bar).
subject a volume of gas or liquid to physical pressure, as the atmospheric pressure within an aircraft ("To protect the Aircraft's structure, the plane was pressurized to 8000 ft.") proctor: variant of the word procurator, is a person who takes charge or acts for another; title of various legal and ecclesiastical appointments.
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For an ideal gas the equation of state can be written as =, where R is the ideal gas constant.The differential change of the chemical potential between two states of slightly different pressures but equal temperature (i.e., dT = 0) is given by = = = , where ln p is the natural logarithm of p.