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This variant of the round-to-nearest method is also called convergent rounding, statistician's rounding, Dutch rounding, Gaussian rounding, odd–even rounding, [6] or bankers' rounding. [ 7 ] This is the default rounding mode used in IEEE 754 operations for results in binary floating-point formats.
There are two common rounding rules, round-by-chop and round-to-nearest. The IEEE standard uses round-to-nearest. Round-by-chop: The base-expansion of is truncated after the ()-th digit. This rounding rule is biased because it always moves the result toward zero. Round-to-nearest: () is set to the nearest floating-point number to . When there ...
The IEEE 754 specification—followed by all modern floating-point hardware—requires that the result of an elementary arithmetic operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root since 1985, and FMA since 2008) be correctly rounded, which implies that in rounding to nearest, the rounded result is within 0.5 ulp of ...
Alternative rounding options are also available. IEEE 754 specifies the following rounding modes: round to nearest, where ties round to the nearest even digit in the required position (the default and by far the most common mode) round to nearest, where ties round away from zero (optional for binary floating-point and commonly used in decimal)
Rounds (parameter 1) by (parameter 2) decimal places, and formats. Scientific notation is used for numbers greater than 1×10^9, or less than 1×10^−4. Template parameters [Edit template data] Parameter Description Type Status number 1 The number to be rounded Number required decimal places 2 The number of decimal places, if negative the number is rounded so the last (parameter 2) digits are ...
Rounding to significant figures is a more general-purpose technique than rounding to n digits, since it handles numbers of different scales in a uniform way. For example, the population of a city might only be known to the nearest thousand and be stated as 52,000, while the population of a country might only be known to the nearest million and ...
This alternative definition is significantly more widespread: machine epsilon is the difference between 1 and the next larger floating point number.This definition is used in language constants in Ada, C, C++, Fortran, MATLAB, Mathematica, Octave, Pascal, Python and Rust etc., and defined in textbooks like «Numerical Recipes» by Press et al.
For a number written in scientific notation, this logarithmic rounding scale requires rounding up to the next power of ten when the multiplier is greater than the square root of ten (about 3.162). For example, the nearest order of magnitude for 1.7 × 10 8 is 8, whereas the nearest order of magnitude for 3.7 × 10 8 is 9.