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English approximation Arabic letter/symbol Usual romanization Letter name A–B a [a] cat in British English, only approx. in American English, could also be realised as [æ] َ a, á, e فَتْحَة (fatḥah) aː [b] not exact, longer far, could also be realised as [æː] ـَا (ى at word end) ā, â, aa, a أَلِف (ʾalif)
The Arabic-to-Latin translation of Ibn Sina's The Canon of Medicine helped establish many Arabic plant names in later medieval Latin. [2] A book about medicating agents by Serapion the Younger containing hundreds of Arabic botanical names circulated in Latin among apothecaries in the 14th and 15th centuries. [ 3 ]
AD = Letters used in some regional Arabic Dialects. "Arabic" = Letters used in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and most regional dialects. "Farsi" = Letters used in modern Persian. FW = Foreign words: the letter is sometimes used to spell foreign words.
Phonemic notation commonly uses IPA symbols that are rather close to the default pronunciation of a phoneme, but for legibility often uses simple and 'familiar' letters rather than precise notation, for example /r/ and /o/ for the English [ɹʷ] and [əʊ̯] sounds, or /c, ɟ/ for [t͜ʃ, d͜ʒ] as mentioned above.
The Arabic alphabet, [a] or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, [b] of which most have contextual letterforms. Unlike the modern Latin alphabet, the script has no concept of letter case.
Suppose the writer wishes to use some English text (a left-to-right script) into a paragraph written in Arabic or Hebrew (a right-to-left script) with non-alphabetic characters to the right of the English text. For example, the writer wants to translate, "The language C++ is a programming language used..." into Arabic.
The following English words have been acquired either directly from Arabic or else indirectly by passing from Arabic into other languages and then into English. Most entered one or more of the Romance languages before entering English. To qualify for this list, a word must be reported in etymology dictionaries as having descended from Arabic.
The list has been restricted to loan words: It excludes loan translations. Here's an example of a loan translation. In Arabic the words for father, mother and son are often used to denote relationships between things. Surrounding the brain and spinal cord is a tough outer layer of membrane called in today's English the dura mater.