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Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion.It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. [1]
Part of the energy needed for this deformation is recovered (elastic deformation), some is not and goes into heating the tires. The energy which is not recovered contributes to the back force, a process called rolling friction. Similar to rolling friction there are energy terms in charge transfer, which contribute to friction.
The two regimes of dry friction are 'static friction' ("stiction") between non-moving surfaces, and kinetic friction (sometimes called sliding friction or dynamic friction) between moving surfaces. Coulomb friction, named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb , is an approximate model used to calculate the force of dry friction.
The normal force is taken perpendicularly to the direction of relative motion; under the influence of gravity, and in the common case of an object supported by a horizontal surface, the normal force is just the weight of the object itself. As there is no relative motion under static friction, no work is done, and hence no energy can be dissipated.
Friction: Energy produced by rubbing two material together. Heat: Energy produced by heating the junction where two unlike metals are joined. Light: Energy produced by light being absorbed by photoelectric cells, or solar power. Chemical: Energy produced by chemical reaction in a voltaic cell, such as an electric battery.
Mechanical wave: kinetic and potential energy in an elastic material due to a propagating oscillation of matter Sound wave: kinetic and potential energy in a material due to a sound propagated wave (a particular type of mechanical wave) Radiant: potential energy stored in the fields of waves propagated by electromagnetic radiation, including ...
Vibrational energy induced by either kinetic or breakaway friction can cause modal excitation of a subset of the contacting bodies or the vibratory coupling of the multiple bodies, depending on the strength of coupling. Friction noise can be the product of multiple distinct dynamic processes, sliding and stick-slip. Sliding generally leads to ...
The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination of electrostatics and magnetism, which are distinct but closely intertwined phenomena. Electromagnetic forces occur between any two charged particles.