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  2. Urdu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu

    The two languages are often considered to be a single language (Hindustani or Hindi-Urdu) on a dialect continuum ranging from Persianised to Sanskritised vocabulary, [174] but now they are more and more different in words due to politics. [152] Old Urdu dictionaries also contain most of the Sanskrit words now present in Hindi. [190] [191]

  3. Hindi–Urdu controversy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HindiUrdu_controversy

    Although the government at the time encouraged both Hindi and Urdu as a medium of education in school, it discouraged Hindi or the use of the Nagari script for official purposes. This policy gave rise to conflict between students educated in Hindi or Urdu for the competition of government jobs, which eventually took on a communal form. [15]

  4. Hindustani etymology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_etymology

    Hindustani, also known as Hindi-Urdu, is the vernacular form of two standardized registers used as official languages in India and Pakistan, namely Hindi and Urdu.It comprises several closely related dialects in the northern, central and northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent but is mainly based on Khariboli of the Delhi region.

  5. Hindustani vocabulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_vocabulary

    The original Hindi dialects continued to develop alongside Urdu and according to Professor Afroz Taj, "the distinction between Hindi and Urdu was chiefly a question of style. A poet could draw upon Urdu's lexical richness to create an aura of elegant sophistication, or could use the simple rustic vocabulary of dialect Hindi to evoke the folk ...

  6. Hindi–Urdu transliteration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HindiUrdu_transliteration

    Note that HindiUrdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.

  7. Central Indo-Aryan languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Indo-Aryan_languages

    Located in the Hindi Belt, the Central Zone includes the Dehlavi (Delhi) dialect (one of several called 'Khariboli') of the Hindustani language, the lingua franca of Northern India that is the basis of the Modern Standard Hindi and Standard Urdu literary standards. In regards to the Indo-Aryan language family, the coherence of this language ...

  8. Languages of Pakistan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan

    An English-Urdu bilingual sign at the archaeological site of Sirkap, near Taxila. The Urdu says: (right to left) دو سروں والے عقاب کی شبيہ والا مندر, dō sarōñ wālé u'qāb kī shabīh wāla mandir. "The temple with the image of the eagle with two heads." Most languages of Pakistan are written in the Perso-Arabic ...

  9. History of Hindustani language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hindustani_language

    The term bazaar Hindustani, in other words, the 'street talk' or literally 'marketplace Hindustani', also known as Colloquial Hindi [a] or Simplified Urdu [b], has arisen to denote a colloquial register of the language that uses vocabulary common to both Hindi and Urdu while eschewing high-register and specialized Arabic or Sanskrit derived ...