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Big Mac index, November 2022. The Big Mac Index is a price index published since 1986 by The Economist as an informal way of measuring the purchasing power parity (PPP) between two currencies and providing a test of the extent to which market exchange rates result in goods costing the same in different countries.
This forecast was criticized by Steve H. Hanke, professor of applied economics at The Johns Hopkins University and senior fellow at the Cato Institute. According to Hanke, the IMF had released a "bogus forecast" because "no one has ever been able to accurately forecast the course or the duration of an episode of hyperinflation.
By 1990–2008, city dwellers constituted 36% of Pakistan's population, making it South Asia's most urbanized nation, with over 50% living in towns of 5,000+ inhabitants. [514] Immigration, both domestic and international, significantly fuels urban growth. Migration from India, especially to Karachi, the largest metropolis, and from nearby ...
Forecasts of the economic loss from the three-month lockdown, which was subsequently eased in late May 2020, indicated that Pakistan would face its first annual economic recession since 1952. [366] Given the strained government resources, civil society and charity organizations became much more active in providing relief to the public during ...
The Sri Lankan economic crisis [8] is a in Sri Lanka that started in 2019. [9] It is the country's worst economic crisis since its independence in 1948. [9] It has led to unprecedented levels of inflation, near-depletion of foreign exchange reserves, shortages of medical supplies, and an increase in prices of basic commodities. [10]
[373] [374] In late July, the Bank of Russia did increase its key rate by 100 base points to 8.50% in order to combat inflation that is still problematic for the Russian consumer and companies alike. [375] Due to the sanctions, Indian oil refiners started using Chinese yuan for payments of Russian oil imports as an alternative to the US dollar.
[7] [8] The US dollar exchange hit its lowest point since 29 August 2022, dropping from roughly US$1 = R$5.30 immediately before the second round of the election, to about US$1 = R$5.05 a week after Lula's win. However, two years into Lula's government, at 29 November 2024, the US dollar exchange hit its highest point in history of US$1=R$6.10.
Shortages in Venezuela of food staples and basic necessities occurred throughout Venezuela's history. [6] Scarcity became more widespread following the enactment of price controls and other policies under the government of Hugo Chávez [7] [8] and exacerbated by the policy of withholding United States dollars from importers under the government of Nicolás Maduro. [9]