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Equine chorionic gonadotropin (acronym given as eCG but not to be confused with ECG) is a gonadotropic hormone produced in the chorion of pregnant mares.Previously referred to as pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG), the hormone is commonly used in concert with progestogen to induce ovulation in livestock prior to artificial insemination.
Unlike most mammals, the mare does not have an increase of LH right before ovulation. FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone): secreted by the pituitary, causes the ovarian follicle to develop. Levels of FSH rise slightly at the end of estrus, but have their highest peak about 10 days before the next ovulation.
This positive feedback loop causes LH to spike sharply, and it is this spike that causes ovulation. Following ovulation, LH stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum. Estrogen has since dropped to negative stimulatory levels after ovulation and therefore serves to maintain the concentration of FSH and LH.
The application of utilizing eFSH to increase the efficiency of equine embryo transfer was tested at the University of Saskatchewan.Embryos from 12 donor mares at 8 days of ovulation were recovered, scored, then transferred to 37 recipients mares who were tested for pregnancy after 7-10 days. 5 pregnancies resulted from the 15 embryos were recovered from the eFSA treatment group and 4 ...
The follicular phase, also known as the preovulatory phase or proliferative phase, [1] is the phase of the estrous cycle (or, in primates [2] for example, the menstrual cycle) during which follicles in the ovary mature from primary follicle to a fully mature Graafian follicle. It ends with ovulation.
Before ovulation, the luteinizing hormone levels dramatically increase; this is known as the "LH surge". This test can recognize the LH surge about 1-1.5 days prior to ovulation. Additionally, some ovulation prediction kits detect estrone-3-glucuronide. This is a breakdown product of estrogen and will have increased levels in the urine around ...
Ovarian follicle activation can be defined as primordial follicles in the ovary moving from a quiescent (inactive) to a growing phase. The primordial follicle in the ovary is what makes up the “pool” of follicles that will be induced to enter growth and developmental changes that change them into pre-ovulatory follicles, ready to be released during ovulation.
Approximately 1% of mammalian follicles in ovaries undergo ovulation and the remaining 99% of follicles go through follicular atresia as they cycle through the growth phases. In summary, follicular atresia is a process that leads to the follicular loss and loss of oocytes, and any disturbance or loss of functionality of this process can lead to ...