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Transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) are areas of enhancement during the arterial phase of contrast CT of the liver. THAD is thought to be a physiological phenomenon resulting from regional variation in the blood supply by the portal vein and/or the hepatic artery .
Treatments for heart failure include medications, an intra-aortic balloon pump, a ventricular assist device, heart valve replacements, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (if the heart failure worsens suddenly and especially if an infection was the cause), an artificial heart, or a heart transplant (from a deceased human donor, or from a pig ...
Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). [ 1 ] Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure ( ACLF ) is increasingly being recognized.
Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, chronic liver failure or chronic hepatic failure and end-stage liver disease, is an acute condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue and regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease.
A liver sinusoid is a type of capillary known as a sinusoidal capillary, discontinuous capillary or sinusoid, that is similar to a fenestrated capillary, having discontinuous endothelium that serves as a location for mixing of the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein.
Ischemic hepatitis, also known as shock liver, is a condition defined as an acute liver injury caused by insufficient blood flow (and consequently insufficient oxygen delivery) to the liver. [5] The decreased blood flow ( perfusion ) to the liver is usually due to shock or low blood pressure.
for liver transplantation in acute liver failure [25] Patients with paracetamol toxicity. pH < 7.3 or Prothrombin time > 100 seconds and serum creatinine level > 3.4 mg/dL (> 300 μmol/L) if in grade III or IV encephalopathy. Other patients. Prothrombin time > 100 seconds or Three of the following variables: Age < 10 yr or > 40 years; Cause ...
For liver fibrosis assessment, percutaneous liver biopsy, with or without image guidance, is contraindicated in uncooperative people. [70] Transjugular liver biopsy is indicated for any person with diffuse liver disease who needs a biopsy but has a contraindication to percutaneous biopsy or needs a hemodynamic evaluation for diagnostic purposes.