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Size of this JPG preview of this PDF file: ... Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help. ... Nautical, Chart, Charts; Conversion program:
A nautical mile is a unit of length used in air, marine, and space navigation, and for the definition of territorial waters. [2] [3] [4] Historically, it was defined as the meridian arc length corresponding to one minute ( 1 / 60 of a degree) of latitude at the equator, so that Earth's polar circumference is very near to 21,600 nautical miles (that is 60 minutes × 360 degrees).
Nautical mile: Length: Rhumb: Angle: The angle between two successive points of the thirty-two point compass (11 degrees 15 minutes) (rare) [1] Shackle: Length: Before 1949, 12.5 fathoms; later 15 fathoms. [2] Toise: Length: Toise was also used for measures of area and volume Twenty-foot equivalent unit or TEU: Volume: Used in connection with ...
Initially, the log-line was not knotted and sailors measured the length directly on the line. With the introduction of the nautical mile as a standard unit of measure at sea in the 15th century, they began to mark the line at equal intervals proportional to the nautical mile and to the time interval used for measurement. Initially, the markings ...
Online version of Chart No.1 with "Symbols, Abbreviations and Terms" used in nautical charts; Portolan Chart of Gabriel de Vallseca, 1439; The short film "Reading Charts (April 6, 1999)" is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive. Nautical charts available online (Nautical Free) Online Nautical Charts Viewer
The charts are stored in BSB format. "[The BSB file format] is a proprietary format of BSB Electronic Charts, LLP (bought by MapTech, Inc.)." [1] Image manipulation tools such as GDAL can read the image information, but there also is georeferenced data in the navigational charts.
Since the length of a nautical mile, for practical purposes, is equivalent to about a minute of latitude, a distance in nautical miles on a chart can easily be measured by using dividers and the latitude scales on the sides of the chart. Recent British Admiralty charts have a latitude scale down the middle to make this even easier. [10]
Volume of traffic, or vehicle miles traveled (VMT), is a predictor of crash incidence. All other things being equal, as VMT increases, so will traffic crashes. The relationship may not be simple, however; after a point, increasing congestion leads to reduced speeds, hanging the proportion of crashes that occur at different severity levels.