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The second constraint says that if there is a cohort that is at least one word to the left (position *-1, the * meaning we may go further than one word and -meaning left) and that cohort is a first person pronoun, then the constraint does *not* match (NEGATE). In CG-3, rules may also be given names, e.g. SELECT:somename (…)
In sentence processing, the predictability of a word is established by two related factors: 'cloze probability' and 'sentential constraint'. Cloze probability reflects the expectancy of a target word given the context of the sentence, which is determined by the percentage of individuals who supply the word when completing a sentence whose final ...
With the advent of X-bar theory in Transformational Grammar in the 1970s, this traditional exocentric division was largely abandoned and replaced by an endocentric analysis, whereby the sentence is viewed as an inflection phrase (IP), which is essentially a projection of the verb (a fact that makes the sentence a big VP in a sense). Thus, with ...
Notable examples of constrained comics: . Gustave Verbeek's The Upside Downs of Little Lady Lovekins and Old Man Muffaroo, a weekly 6-panel comic strip in which the first half of the story was illustrated and captioned right-side-up, then the reader would turn the page up-side-down, and the inverted illustrations with additional captions describing the scenes told the second half of the story ...
In example (11a), there is no wh-movement, therefore the left branch constraint does not apply and this sentence is grammatical. In example (11b), the DP "whose" is extracted from the larger DP "whose cake". This extraction under the left branch constraint is not allowed, therefore, the sentence is predicted to be ungrammatical.
The analysis concludes only when the tree has exhausted every unit. However, Zellig Harris in his structuralist approach also allows for exocentric constructions where the category of the whole constituent is not the same as the category of its individual parts. In other words, the overall structure does not inherit the category of its components.
Competition-based models hold that differing syntactic analyses rival each other when syntactic ambiguities are resolved. If probability and language constraints offer similar support for each one, especially strong competition occurs. On the other hand, when constraints support one analysis over the other, competition is weak and processing is ...
A modular view of sentence processing assumes that each factor involved in sentence processing is computed in its own module, which has limited means of communication with the other modules. For example, syntactic analysis creation takes place without input from semantic analysis or context-dependent information, which are processed separately.