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The Province of New Jersey was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776. The province had originally been settled by Europeans as part of New Netherland but came under English rule after the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, becoming a proprietary colony.
It was not until 1830 that most blacks were free in the state. New Jersey was the last northern state to abolish slavery completely, and by the close of the Civil War, about a dozen African-Americans in New Jersey were still apprenticed freedmen. The 1860 census found just over 25,000 free African Americans in the state. [24]
C. A. Nothnagle Log House, built by Finnish or Swedish settlers in the New Sweden colony in modern-day Swedesboro, New Jersey between 1638 and 1643, is one of the oldest still standing log houses in the United States. European colonization of New Jersey started soon after the 1609 exploration of its coast and bays by Henry Hudson.
Slavery in New Jersey began in the early 17th century, when the Dutch trafficked African slaves for labor to develop the colony of New Netherland. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] : 44 After the English took control of the colony in 1664, they continued the importation of slaves from Africa .
[14] [15] New Jersey was one of the original Thirteen Colonies, and was the third colony to ratify the constitution forming the United States of America. It thereby was admitted into the new federation as a state on 18 December 1787.
The colony also had settlements near the present-day location of Salem, New Jersey (Fort Nya Elfsborg) and on Tinicum Island, Pennsylvania. The colony was captured by the Dutch in 1655 and merged into New Netherland, with most of the colonists remaining. Years later, the entire New Netherland colony was incorporated into England's colonial ...
In 1665, the Province of New Jersey split from New York; however, the New York-New Jersey Line War continued until the final borders were decided in 1769, and approved by the legislatures and the King in 1772 and 1773 respectively. A Colonial Assembly convened in October 1683, making New York the last colony to have an assembly.
The African American population in New Jersey is predominantly located in urban areas, specifically in the cities of Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, and Trenton, as well as in Essex and Union Counties. South Jersey also harbors a substantial African American population, primarily concentrated in Camden County, Willingboro, and Atlantic City ...