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Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning. It is related to the broader concept of coherence. There are two main types of cohesion: grammatical cohesion: based on structural content; lexical cohesion: based on lexical content and background knowledge.
Collocations can be in a syntactic relation (such as verb–object: make and decision), lexical relation (such as antonymy), or they can be in no linguistically defined relation. Knowledge of collocations is vital for the competent use of a language: a grammatically correct sentence will stand out as awkward if collocational preferences are ...
Collocation extraction is the task of using a computer to extract collocations automatically from a corpus.. The traditional method of performing collocation extraction is to find a formula based on the statistical quantities of those words to calculate a score associated to every word pairs.
Skilled users of the language can produce effects such as humor by varying the normal patterns of collocation. This approach is popular with poets , journalists and advertisers . Collocations may seem natural to native writers and speakers, but are not obvious to non-native speakers.
In lexicography [citation needed], a lexical item is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words that forms the basic elements of a language's lexicon (≈ vocabulary). [ citation needed ] Examples are cat , traffic light , take care of , by the way , and it's raining cats and dogs .
Sonbul, S., & Schmitt, N. (2013). Explicit and implicit lexical knowledge: Acquisition of collocations under different input conditions. Language Learning, 63(1), 121–159. van Zeeland, H and Schmitt, N. (2013). Lexical coverage in L1 and L2 listening comprehension: The same or different from reading comprehension? Applied Linguistics, 34, 457 ...
Lexical choice modules must be informed by linguistic knowledge of how the system's input data maps onto words. This is a question of semantics, but it is also influenced by syntactic factors (such as collocation effects) and pragmatic factors (such as context).
Lexicalization may be simple, for example borrowing a word from another language, or more involved, as in calque or loan translation, wherein a foreign phrase is translated literally, as in marché aux puces, or in English, flea market. Other mechanisms include compounding, abbreviation, and blending. [2]