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Near Earth's surface, the acceleration due to gravity, accurate to 2 significant figures, is 9.8 m/s 2 (32 ft/s 2). This means that, ignoring the effects of air resistance, the speed of an object falling freely will increase by about 9.8 metres per second (32 ft/s) every second.
It is a constant defined by standard as 9.806 65 m/s 2 (about 32.174 05 ft/s 2). This value was established by the third General Conference on Weights and Measures (1901, CR 70) and used to define the standard weight of an object as the product of its mass and this nominal acceleration .
It has dimension of acceleration (L/T 2) and it is measured in units of newtons per kilogram (N/kg) or, equivalently, in meters per second squared (m/s 2). In its original concept, gravity was a force between point masses.
Near the surface of the Earth, the acceleration due to gravity g = 9.807 m/s 2 (metres per second squared, which might be thought of as "metres per second, per second"; or 32.18 ft/s 2 as "feet per second per second") approximately. A coherent set of units for g, d, t and v is essential.
Therefore, the unit metre per second squared is equivalent to newton per kilogram, N·kg −1, or N/kg. [ 2 ] Thus, the Earth's gravitational field (near ground level) can be quoted as 9.8 metres per second squared, or the equivalent 9.8 N/kg.
The expression "1 g = 9.806 65 m/s 2 " means that for every second that elapses, velocity changes 9.806 65 metres per second (35.303 94 km/h). This rate of change in velocity can also be denoted as 9.806 65 (metres per second) per second, or 9.806 65 m/s 2.
A newton is defined as 1 kg⋅m/s 2 (it is a named derived unit defined in terms of the SI base units). [1]: 137 One newton is, therefore, the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of one metre per second squared in the direction of the applied force.
The metre per second is the unit of both speed (a scalar quantity) and velocity (a vector quantity, which has direction and magnitude) in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the speed of a body covering a distance of one metre in a time of one second.