Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Sandostatin (octreotide acetate) may help treat certain types of bleeding in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various mechanisms, including its ability to: Reduce blood flow in the gastrointestinal system; Inhibit stomach acids; Decrease the clumping of platelets
The initial evaluation of patients with acute upper GI bleeding involves an assessment of hemodynamic stability and resuscitation if necessary. Diagnostic studies (usually endoscopy) follow, with the goals of diagnosis, and when possible, treatment of the specific disorder.
Upper GI bleed: Proton pump inhibitor 40 mg IV q12hr. Erythromycin 250 mg IV infused over 5-30 minutes before intubation/endoscopy (especially if ultrasonography reveals gastric distension). ⚠️ Contraindicated in QT prolongation. If cirrhosis is known/suspected: Octreotide (50 mcg bolus, then 50 mcg/hr infusion). Ceftriaxone 1 gram.
It has been postulated that octreotide acetate reduces fecal occult blood and melena and allows for reduction (and even elimination) of the need for blood transfusions, while its side effect profile is well tolerated. Its discontinuation also leads to bleeding recurrence.
Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NUGIB) is a common cause of hospitalization and is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Octreotide has been shown to be an effective treatment in the control of variceal UGIB.
There are two scenarios when octreotide can be considered for a patient with an upper GI bleed: When endoscopy is unavailable or contraindicated; When variceal bleeding can be reasonably suspected; For non-variceal bleeding, octreotide has a very limited role due to the lack of evidence supporting its use.
Purpose: Gastrointestinal dysplasia (GIAD) is an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and is treated by endoscopic, surgical or radiologic methods. Pharmacotherapy of GIB from GIAD is unsatisfactory. We evaluated the literature on use of octreotide (OCT) in GIAD patients and performed a qualitative meta-analysis (QMA) on these cases.
Octreotide treatment was compared with standard of care in an adequately powered randomized controlled trial, which established that octreotide significantly reduces transfusion requirements and endoscopic procedures in patients with angiodysplasia-related anemia.
Octreotide likely reduced mucosal bleeding from the GIST by prolonged vasoconstriction, essentially reducing splanchnic, portal-systemic, and gastric mucosal blood flow. Its role in inhibiting acid secretion allowed for stabilization of freshly formed mucosal clots, preventing dissolution.
Octreotide is postulated to be an effective medical therapy for prevention of recurrent GIB in patients with vascular lesions (visible vessel, arteriovenous malformation). We report our data of GIB in LVAD patients and the results of octreotide for prevention of repeat GIB.