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An ABG test measures the blood gas tension values of the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and the blood's pH. In addition, the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) can be determined. Such information is vital when caring for patients with critical illnesses or respiratory disease.
Carbon dioxide is a by-product of food metabolism and in high amounts has toxic effects including: dyspnea, acidosis and altered consciousness. [8] Arterial blood carbon dioxide tension. P a CO 2 – Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level in arterial blood is between 35 and 45 mmHg (4.7 and 6.0 kPa). [9] Venous blood carbon dioxide tension
The capnogram is a direct monitor of the inhaled and exhaled concentration or partial pressure of CO 2, and an indirect monitor of the CO 2 partial pressure in the arterial blood. In healthy individuals, the difference between arterial blood and expired gas CO 2 partial pressures is very small (normal difference 4-5 mmHg).
Blood samples for testing are taken from arterial blood by a radial artery puncture, and from venous blood by venipuncture. Samples of capillary blood are taken using a lancet and capillary action. Capillary samples from the earlobe or the fingertip can be used to predict blood pH and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the
To understand how the diagram is to be interpreted, it is helpful to understand how the diagram is derived in the first place. Consider the following experiment. A small sample of blood is taken from a healthy patient and placed in a chamber in which the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P CO 2) is held at 40 mmHg. Once equilibrium is reached ...
k H CO 2 is a constant including the solubility of carbon dioxide in blood. k H CO 2 is approximately 0.03 (mmol/L)/mmHg; p CO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood; Combining these equations results in the following equation relating the pH of blood to the concentration of bicarbonate and the partial pressure of carbon ...
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO 2): The measure of carbon dioxide within arterial or venous blood. [8] The amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is influenced by the partial pressure of the molecule carbon dioxide. In tissues where cellular metabolism produces carbon dioxide, the partial pressure is higher and it leads to the ...
The carbon dioxide content of the blood is often given as the partial pressure, which is the pressure which carbon dioxide would have had if it alone occupied the volume. [73] In humans, the blood carbon dioxide contents are shown in the adjacent table.