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These can be either passive or non-passive in meaning. When the meaning of such a verb is not passive, it is known as a "middle voice" verb. Middle voice verbs are usually intransitive, but can also be transitive. Often the middle endings make a transitive verb intransitive: παύομαι (paúomai) "I stop (intransitive)"
The -Vr ending still is the regular passive or impersonal ending in the later language, as in the eg Modern Scottish Gaelic passive/impersonal cluinnear ' one hears/is heard '. The verb cluinn ' hear(s), can/will hear ' has its origin in the deponent Old Irish ro·cluinethar ' hear ' .
The Ancient Greek participle is a non-finite nominal verb form declined for gender, number and case (thus, it is a verbal adjective) and has many functions in Ancient Greek. It can be active , middle or passive and can be used in the present , future , aorist and perfect tense; these tenses normally represent not absolute time but only time ...
Spanish is an example of a modern language with a mediopassive voice, normally indicated by the use of a reflexive pronoun. This can variously have a middle-voice meaning (subject acting onto itself, or for its own benefit) or a passive-voice meaning (something acts onto the subject).
The passive voice is employed in a clause whose subject expresses the theme or patient of the verb. That is, it undergoes an action or has its state changed. [7] In the passive voice, the grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient (not the doer) of the action denoted by the verb.
Greek verbs can be found in any of three voices: active, passive, and middle. Active verbs in Greek are those whose 1st person singular in the present tense ends in -ω (-ō) or -μι (-mi), such as κελεύω (keleúō) "I order" or εἰμί (eimí) "I am".
In some languages, including several Southeast Asian languages, the passive voice is sometimes used to indicate that an action or event was unpleasant or undesirable. [3] This so-called adversative passive works like the ordinary passive voice in terms of syntactic structure—that is, a theme or instrument acts as subject.
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