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Cerebral perfusion pressure, or CPP, is the net pressure gradient causing cerebral blood flow to the brain (brain perfusion).It must be maintained within narrow limits because too little pressure could cause brain tissue to become ischemic (having inadequate blood flow), and too much could raise intracranial pressure (ICP).
For example, they dilate in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and constrict in response to lower levels of carbon dioxide. [15] For example, assuming a person with an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 40 mmHg (normal range of 38–42 mmHg) [16] and a CBF of 50 ml per 100g per min. If the PaCO2 dips to 30 mmHg ...
As a rule, patients with normal blood pressure retain normal alertness with ICP of 25–40 mmHg (unless tissue shifts at the same time). Only when ICP exceeds 40–50 mmHg does CPP and cerebral perfusion decrease to a level that results in loss of consciousness.
In contrast, younger people with normal memory have virtually no orientation problems" [53] (p. 505). So although current research suggests that normal aging is not usually associated with significant declines in orientation, mild difficulties may be a part of normal aging and not necessarily a sign of a particular pathology. [citation needed]
Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia. [1]
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) most often occurs in elderly patients with symptoms including gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive issues. [32] It is commonly divided into two categories, idiopathic NPH (with unknown cause) and secondary NPH (due to trauma, hemorrhage, etc.).
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Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), previously known as pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause. [2]