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Polynomial expansion. In mathematics, an expansion of a product of sums expresses it as a sum of products by using the fact that multiplication distributes over addition. Expansion of a polynomial expression can be obtained by repeatedly replacing subexpressions that multiply two other subexpressions, at least one of which is an addition, by ...
Fifth power (algebra) In arithmetic and algebra, the fifth power or sursolid[1] of a number n is the result of multiplying five instances of n together: n5 = n × n × n × n × n. Fifth powers are also formed by multiplying a number by its fourth power, or the square of a number by its cube. The sequence of fifth powers of integers is:
Most building materials have a high emittance ε, so all surfaces in the room can be assumed to be black. Because the sum of the angle factors is unity, the fourth power of MRT equals the mean value of the surrounding surface temperatures to the fourth power, weighted by the respective angle factors. The following equation is used: [4] [10]
In statistics, an effect size is a value measuring the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population, or a sample-based estimate of that quantity. It can refer to the value of a statistic calculated from a sample of data, the value of a parameter for a hypothetical population, or to the equation that operationalizes how statistics or parameters lead to the effect size ...
Drag (physics) In fluid dynamics, drag, sometimes referred to as fluid resistance, is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object, moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. [1] This can exist between two fluid layers, two solid surfaces, or between a fluid and solid surface. Drag forces tend to decrease fluid velocity ...
Emissivity of a body at a given temperature is the ratio of the total emissive power of a body to the total emissive power of a perfectly black body at that temperature. Following Planck's law, the total energy radiated increases with temperature while the peak of the emission spectrum shifts to shorter wavelengths.
In the CNO cycle, the energy generation rate scales as the temperature to the 15th power, whereas the rate scales as the temperature to the 4th power in the proton-proton chains. [2] Due to the strong temperature sensitivity of the CNO cycle, the temperature gradient in the inner portion of the star is steep enough to make the core convective.
The Hadamard transform Hm is a 2 m × 2 m matrix, the Hadamard matrix (scaled by a normalization factor), that transforms 2 m real numbers xn into 2 m real numbers Xk. The Hadamard transform can be defined in two ways: recursively, or by using the binary (base -2) representation of the indices n and k. Recursively, we define the 1 × 1 Hadamard ...