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In the absence of Graves' ophthalmopathy, patients may demonstrate other ophthalmic symptoms and signs due to hyperthyroidism: Dry eyes (due to loss of corneal moisture). [24] A sense of irritation, discomfort, or pain in the eyes. A tingling sensation behind the eyes or the feeling of grit or sand in the eyes.
Hypermetabolism is defined as an elevated resting energy expenditure (REE) > 110% of predicted REE. [1] Hypermetabolism is accompanied by a variety of internal and external symptoms, most notably extreme weight loss, and can also be a symptom in itself. This state of increased metabolic activity can signal underlying issues, especially ...
The sodium/iodide cotransporter, also known as the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), [5] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A5 gene. [6] [7] [8] It is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 87 kDa and 13 transmembrane domains, which transports two sodium cations (Na +) for each iodide anion (I −) into the cell. [9]
Graves disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter or Basedow’s disease, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. [1] It frequently results in and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. [5] It also often results in an enlarged thyroid. [1] Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include irritability, muscle weakness ...
Various authors have suggested that thyrotoxic myopathy is a result of the weight loss and generalized asthenia associated with hyperthyroidism. Muscle involvement has been reported to occur in about 80% of thyrotoxic patients (see section #Epidemiology ), [ 7 ] and the most common causes of hyperthyroidism are Graves’ disease , toxic ...
Toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), also known as multinodular toxic goiter (MNTG), is an active multinodular goiter associated with hyperthyroidism.. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism [2] [3] in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
3.2 million (2015) [6] Deaths. 31,900 (2015) [7] Thyroid cancer is cancer that develops from the tissues of the thyroid gland. [1] It is a disease in which cells grow abnormally and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. [8][9] Symptoms can include swelling or a lump in the neck. [1] Cancer can also occur in the thyroid after ...
Euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control [1] wherein the levels of T3 and/or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition may result from allostatic responses of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control, dyshomeostatic disorders ...