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While related to soil temperature, it is more accurately associated with the transfer of energy (mostly in the form of heat) throughout the soil, by radiation, conduction and convection. The main soil thermal properties are. Volumetric heat capacity, SI Units: J∙m −3 ∙K −1. Thermal conductivity, SI Units: W∙m −1 ∙K −1.
The specific heat of soil increases as water content increases, since the heat capacity of water is greater than that of dry soil. [89] The specific heat of pure water is ~ 1 calorie per gram, the specific heat of dry soil is ~ 0.2 calories per gram, hence, the specific heat of wet soil is ~ 0.2 to 1 calories per gram (0.8 to 4.2 kJ per ...
Soil consolidation refers to the mechanical process by which soil changes volume gradually in response to a change in pressure. This happens because soil is a three-phase material, comprising soil grains and pore fluid, usually groundwater. When soil saturated with water is subjected to an increase in pressure, the high volumetric stiffness of ...
The Richards equation represents the movement of water in unsaturated soils, and is attributed to Lorenzo A. Richards who published the equation in 1931. [1] It is a quasilinear partial differential equation; its analytical solution is often limited to specific initial and boundary conditions. [2] Proof of the existence and uniqueness of ...
Per Monteith's Evaporation and Environment, [3] the equation is: λv = Latent heat of vaporization. The energy required per unit mass of water vaporized. (J g −1) Lv = Volumetric latent heat of vaporization. The energy required per unit volume of water vaporized. (Lv = 2453 MJ m −3) E = Mass water evapotranspiration rate (g s −1 m −2)
Frost heaving (or a frost heave) is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface, upwards from the depth in the soil where freezing temperatures have penetrated into the soil (the freezing front or freezing boundary). Ice growth requires a water supply that ...
Water is drawn into a small tube by surface tension. Water pressure, u, is negative above and positive below the free water surface. If there is no pore water flow occurring in the soil, the pore water pressures will be hydrostatic. The water table is located at the depth where the water pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. For ...
The soil moisture velocity equation[1] describes the speed that water moves vertically through unsaturated soil under the combined actions of gravity and capillarity, a process known as infiltration. The equation is alternative form of the Richardson/ Richards' equation. [2][3] The key difference being that the dependent variable is the ...