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Schizophreniform disorder is a type of mental illness that is characterized by psychosis and closely related to schizophrenia.Both schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), have the same symptoms and essential features except for two differences: the level of functional impairment and the duration of symptoms.
Estimates of the heritability of schizophrenia are between 70% and 80%, which implies that 70% to 80% of the individual differences in risk of schizophrenia are associated with genetics. [21] [84] These estimates vary because of the difficulty in separating genetic and environmental influences, and their accuracy has been queried.
Kraepelin acknowledged that "there are many overlaps in this area," that is, the area between schizophrenia and mood disorders. [94] In 1959, psychiatrist Kurt Schneider (1887–1967) began to further refine conceptualizations of the different forms that schizoaffective disorders can take since he observed "concurrent and sequential types". [64]
Schizophrenia is a primary psychotic disorder, whereas, bipolar disorder is a primary mood disorder which can also involve psychosis. Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterized as critical psychiatric disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5). [1]
Eccentric behavior and discomfort with relationships define the disorder, and people may develop schizophrenia later.
Estimates of the heritability of schizophrenia is around 80%, which implies that 80% of the individual differences in risk to schizophrenia is explained by individual differences in genetics. [54] Although many genetic variants associated with schizophrenia have been identified, their effects are usually very small, so they are combined onto a ...
In the scientific and academic literature on the definition or categorization of mental disorders, one extreme argues that it is entirely a matter of value judgments (including of what is normal) while another proposes that it is or could be entirely objective and scientific (including by reference to statistical norms); [2] other views argue that the concept refers to a "fuzzy prototype" that ...
Neuroimaging studies have found differences between the medicated brains of individuals with schizophrenia, and the brains of those without, though research does not know the cause of the difference. [34] In childhood-onset schizophrenia, there appears to be a more rapid loss of cerebral grey matter during adolescence.
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