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Genki I focuses on beginner-level Japanese, from kana on through adjective and verb constructions, and Genki II continued on to intermediate-level topics. Both books are divided into a Conversation and Grammar section and a Reading and Writing section, each containing their own sets of 23 lessons. Each lesson follows a predictable structure.
The modern Japanese writing system uses a combination of logographic kanji, which are adopted Chinese characters, and syllabic kana.Kana itself consists of a pair of syllabaries: hiragana, used primarily for native or naturalized Japanese words and grammatical elements; and katakana, used primarily for foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific names, and sometimes for emphasis.
Head-finality in Japanese sentence structure carries over to the building of sentences using other sentences. In sentences that have other sentences as constituents, the subordinated sentences (relative clauses, for example), always precede what they refer to, since they are modifiers and what they modify has the syntactic status of phrasal head.
The earliest Japanese romanization system was based on Portuguese orthography.It was developed c. 1548 by a Japanese Catholic named Anjirō. [2] [citation needed] Jesuit priests used the system in a series of printed Catholic books so that missionaries could preach and teach their converts without learning to read Japanese orthography.
Easy Japanese (やさしい日本語, yasashii nihongo) refers to a simplified version of the Japanese language that is easy to understand for children and foreigners who have limited proficiency in the Japanese language by using simple expressions, simplified sentence structure, and added furigana (kana indicating pronunciation) to kanji characters.
Vertical writing (tategaki 縦書き) is still commonly used in Japan in novels, newspapers and magazines, including most Japanese comics and graphic novels (also known as manga), while horizontal writing is used more often in other media, especially those containing English language references. In general, dialogue in manga is written vertically.
However, when writing quoted text such as direct speech, the opening quotation mark (﹁ or ﹃ in vertical writing) is placed in the first square of the column. Like printed vertical Japanese, full stops, commas, and small kana are placed in the top right corner of their own square. In Chinese, they are placed in the middle of the square.
Tests the ability to read and write all 2965 kanji in level 1 of JIS X 0208, with their on readings and kun readings (jōyō kanji and jinmeiyō kanji). Requires the ability to use the kanji in sentences and to choose the most appropriate kanji for a given context; Tests special or unusual kanji readings; Tests ateji
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