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The word horizontal is derived from the Latin horizon, which derives from the Greek ὁρῐ́ζων, meaning 'separating' or 'marking a boundary'. [2] The word vertical is derived from the late Latin verticalis, which is from the same root as vertex, meaning 'highest point' or more literally the 'turning point' such as in a whirlpool.
The standard orientation, where the xy-plane is horizontal and the z-axis points up (and the x- and the y-axis form a positively oriented two-dimensional coordinate system in the xy-plane if observed from above the xy-plane) is called right-handed or positive. 3D Cartesian coordinate handedness. The name derives from the right-hand rule.
Axial – along the center of a round body, or the axis of rotation of a body; Radial – along a direction pointing along a radius from the center of an object, or perpendicular to a curved path. Circumferential (or azimuthal) – following around a curve or circumference of an object.
Maybe the word appears in translations of the Apollonian conics, where [in] Book I, Chapter 20 there is mention of ἀποτεμνομέναις, for which there would hardly be a more appropriate Latin word than abscissa. The use of the word ordinate is related to the Latin phrase linea ordinata appliicata 'line applied parallel'.
Along a horizontal axis (often the z-axis): The front and back views, which are known as elevations (because they show the heights of features of an object such as a building). Along an orthogonal axis (often the x-axis): The left and right views, which are also known as elevations, following the same reasoning.
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The horizontal coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system that uses the observer's local horizon as the fundamental plane to define two angles of a spherical coordinate system: altitude and azimuth. Therefore, the horizontal coordinate system is sometimes called the az/el system, [1] the alt/az system, or the alt-azimuth system, among
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