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Walter Reed (September 13, 1851 – November 23, 1902) was a U.S. Army physician who in 1901 led the team that confirmed the theory of Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay that yellow fever is transmitted by a particular mosquito species rather than by direct contact.
Then the fever went off, with a sweat of bleeding at the nose. In some few, it turned to a pleurisy of fatal peripneumony." [56] Bloodletting greatly increased the risk of mortality, and it was observed in Mantua Carpentaria that "2000 were let blood of and all died."
In the UK, scarlet fever was considered benign for two centuries, but fatal epidemics were seen in the 1700s. [56] Scarlet fever broke out in England in the 19th century and was responsible for an enormous number of deaths in the 60-year period from 1825 to 1885; decades that followed had lower levels of annual mortality from scarlet fever. [52]
1820 Savannah yellow fever epidemic 1820 Savannah, Georgia, United States Yellow fever: 700 [132] 1821 Barcelona yellow fever epidemic 1821 Barcelona, Spain Yellow fever: 5,000–20,000 [133] [134] Second cholera pandemic: 1826–1837 Asia, Europe, North America Cholera: 100,000+ [135] 1828–1829 New South Wales smallpox epidemic 1828–1829
Another theory holds that the 1918 virus mutated extremely rapidly to a less lethal strain. Such evolution of influenza is a common occurrence: there is a tendency for pathogenic viruses to become less lethal with time, as the hosts of more dangerous strains tend to die out. [83] Fatal cases did continue into 1919, however.
In fatal cases, patients normally die within 14 days. Between 100,000 to 300,000 cases of Lassa fever are diagnosed per annum. Roughly 5,000 deaths related to the virus occur every year.
During the 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia, 5,000 or more people were listed in the register of deaths between August 1 and November 9. The vast majority of them died of yellow fever, making the epidemic in the city of 50,000 people one of the most severe in United States history. By the end of September, 20,000 people had fled the ...
Typhoid Fever was a huge component of military operations; because many soldiers would become afflicted with the disease the military had a shortage of men. [33] More men died from Typhoid Fever than in action or from wounds. [34]