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  2. Physiology of marathons - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology_of_marathons

    The marathon was conceived centuries ago and as of recent has been gaining popularity among many populations around the world. The 42.195 km (26.2 mile) distance is a physical challenge that entails distinct features of an individual's energy metabolism. Marathon runners finish at different times because of individual physiological characteristics.

  3. Long-distance running - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-distance_running

    Endurance running is often a component of physical military training. Long-distance running as a form of tradition or ceremony is known among the Hopi and Tarahumara people, among others. [4][5] In the sport of athletics, long-distance events are defined as races covering 3 km (1.9 mi) and above. The three most common types are track running ...

  4. Long slow distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_slow_distance

    Long slow distance. Long slow distance (LSD) is a form of aerobic endurance training used in sports including running, [1] rowing, [2] skiing [3] and cycling. [4][5] It is also known as aerobic endurance training, base training and Zone 2 training. [6] Physiological adaptations to LSD training include improved cardiovascular function, improved ...

  5. Carbohydrate loading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_loading

    A new carbo-loading regimen developed by scientists at the University of Western Australia calls for a normal diet with light training until the day before the race. On the day before the race, the athlete performs a very short, extremely high-intensity workout (such as a few minutes of sprinting) then consumes 12 g of carbohydrate per kilogram of lean mass over the next 24 hours.

  6. Neurobiological effects of physical exercise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurobiological_effects_of...

    Neuroplasticity is the process by which neurons adapt to a disturbance over time, and most often occurs in response to repeated exposure to stimuli. [27] Aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors [note 1] (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF) which mediate improvements in cognitive functions and various forms of memory by promoting blood vessel formation in the brain, adult ...

  7. Endurance training - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_training

    Endurance training. Man riding a mountain bike in a mountainous terrain in Alps. Endurance training is the act of exercising to increase endurance. The term endurance training generally refers to training the aerobic system as opposed to the anaerobic system. The need for endurance in sports is often predicated as the need of cardiovascular and ...

  8. Marathon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon

    The marathon (from Greek Μαραθώνιος) is a long-distance foot race with a distance of 42.195 km (c. 26 mi 385 yd), [ 1 ] usually run as a road race, but the distance can be covered on trail routes. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There are also wheelchair divisions.

  9. Endurance running hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_running_hypothesis

    Endurance running hypothesis. The endurance running hypothesis is a series of conjectures which presume humans evolved anatomical and physiological adaptations to run long distances [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] and, more strongly, that "running is the only known behavior that would account for the different body plans in Homo as opposed to apes or ...