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The Ardennes Counteroffensive, commonly known as the Battle of the Bulge, was a massive military operation undertaken by Nazi Germany in southern Belgium and northern Luxembourg which lasted from 16 December 1944 until 25 January 1945.
Allied and German: September 17–25, 1944 Battle of the Scheldt: Allied and German: October 2–November 8, 1944 Battle of Debrecen: Axis and Soviet: October 1944 Battle of the Bulge: Allied and German: December 16, 1944 – January 25, 1945 Operation Northwind: Allied and German: December 31, 1944– January 25, 1945
Mitcham, Samuel W., Jr., German Defeat in the East, 1944-45 (Stackpole Military History), 2007 ISBN 978-0-8117-3371-7 Tessin, Georg (1980). Die Landstreitkräfte: Namensverbände / Die Luftstreitkräfte (Fliegende Verbände) / Flakeinsatz im Reich 1943–1945 [ Ground forces: Named units and formations / Air forces (Flying units and formations ...
The Luftwaffe over Germany: Defense of the Reich. London, UK: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-712-0. Cooper, Mathew (1981), The German Air Force 1933-1945: An Anatomy of Failure, New York: Jane's Publishing Incorporated, ISBN 0-531-03733-9; Cox and Gray, Sebastian and Peter (2002). Air Power History: Turning Points from Kitty Hawk to Kosovo ...
German and Allied order of battle for Operation Bodenplatte; German order of battle for the invasion of Poland; Gilbert Islands naval order of battle; Battle of Goodenough Island order of battle; Operation Goodwood order of battle; Gothic Line order of battle; Battle of Greece order of battle; Guadalcanal naval order of battle; Guam (1944 ...
Gothic Line order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in Operation Olive, the Allied offensive on the Gothic Line in northern Italy, August–September 1944, and in the subsequent fighting in the central Apennine Mountains and on the plains of eastern Emilia–Romagna up to April 1945.
German defenses along the Siegfried Line continued to strengthen, and the Wehrmacht was able to establish a defensive depth of an average of 4.8 kilometers (3.0 mi), with the strongest defenses built opposite of Patton's Third Army. [23] Despite Germany's reorganization, their manpower was still incomparable to that of the Western Allies.
Operation Northwind (German: Unternehmen Nordwind) was the last major German offensive of World War II on the Western Front.Northwind was launched to support the German Ardennes offensive campaign in the Battle of the Bulge, which by late December 1944 had decisively turned against the German forces.