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Romanian is a Romance language, belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, having much in common with languages such as Italian, Spanish, French and Portuguese. [86] Compared with the other Romance languages, the closest relative of Romanian is Italian. [86]
Proportion of speakers in the top 5 Romance languages, as of 2024. The Romance language most widely spoken natively today is Spanish, followed by Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian, which together cover a vast territory in Europe and beyond, and work as official and national languages in dozens of countries.
Eastern Romance comprises Romanian (or Daco-Romanian), Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian, according to the most widely accepted classification of the Romance languages. [1][10][11][12][13] The four languages sometimes labelled as dialects of Romanian [1] and were developed from a common ancestor [13] mostly referred as Common ...
Another common classification begins by splitting the Romance languages into two main branches, East and West. The East group includes Romanian, the languages of Corsica and Sardinia, [9] and all languages of Italy south of a line through the cities of Rimini and La Spezia (see La Spezia–Rimini Line).
Romanian is the sole major Romance language still using the vocative case when addressing a person: domnule ("sir!"), Radule ("Radu!"), soro ("sister!"), Ano ("Anne!"). [31] [65] Unlike Latin, which used a distinct vocative ending only in the singular of most nouns in only one of its five declensions, Romanian has three distinct vocative forms ...
Common Romanian (Romanian: română comună), also known as Ancient Romanian (străromână), or Proto-Romanian (protoromână), is a comparatively reconstructed Romance language evolved from Vulgar Latin and spoken by the ancestors of today's Romanians, Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians and related Balkan Latin peoples between the 6th or 7th century AD [1] and the 10th or 11th ...
Little is known of the substratum language but it is generally assumed to be an Indo-European language related to Albanian. [13] Some linguists like Kim Schulte and Grigore Brâncuș use the phrase "Thraco-Dacian" for the substratum of Romanian, [13] while others like Herbert J. Izzo and Vékony argue that the Eastern Romance languages developed on an Illyrian substrate. [14]
Romance languages have a number of shared features across all languages: Romance languages are moderately inflecting, i.e. there is a moderately complex system of affixes (primarily suffixes) that are attached to word roots to convey grammatical information such as number, gender, person, tense, etc. Verbs have much more inflection than nouns.