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Heat of combustion. The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The calorific value is the total energy released as heat when a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard ...
In a spark ignition internal combustion engine, ignition timing is the timing, relative to the current piston position and crankshaft angle, of the release of a spark in the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke. The need for advancing (or retarding) the timing of the spark is because fuel does not completely burn the ...
Burn rate (chemistry) In chemistry, the burn rate (or burning rate) is a measure of the linear combustion rate of a compound or substance such as a candle or a solid propellant. It is measured in length over time, such as millimeters per second or inches per second. Among the variables affecting burn rate are pressure and temperature.
The time it takes for a material to reach its autoignition temperature when exposed to a heat flux ″ is given by the following equation: [4] = [″], where k = thermal conductivity, ρ = density, and c = specific heat capacity of the material of interest, is the initial temperature of the material (or the temperature of the bulk material).
In the study of combustion, the adiabatic flame temperature is the temperature reached by a flame under ideal conditions. It is an upper bound of the temperature that is reached in actual processes. There are two types of adiabatic flame temperature: constant volume and constant pressure, depending on how the process is completed.
E6B. The front of a metal E6B. The E6B flight computer is a form of circular slide rule used in aviation. It is an instance of an analog calculating device still being used in the 21st century. An E6B flight computer commonly used by student pilots. They are mostly used in flight training, because these flight computers have been replaced with ...
If you want to gain weight, aim to add half a pound per week. Establish your caloric deficit. There are 3,500 calories in a pound of fat, so you’ll divide that number by seven (for the days in ...
Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a measure of how efficiently a reaction mass engine, such as a rocket using propellant or a jet engine using fuel, generates thrust. A propulsion system with a higher specific impulse uses the mass of the propellant more efficiently. In the case of a rocket, this means less propellant needed for a ...