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The Irish War of Independence (Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse), [2] also known as the Anglo-Irish War, was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and British forces: the British Army, along with the quasi-military Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) and its paramilitary forces the Auxiliaries and Ulster Special ...
The period 1916–1921 was marked by political violence and upheaval, ending in the partition of Ireland and independence for 26 of its 32 counties. A failed militant attempt by the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army was made to gain independence for Ireland with the 1916 Easter Rising, an insurrection in Dublin.
RIC and British Army trucks outside Limerick This is a timeline of the Irish War of Independence (or the Anglo-Irish War) of 1919–21. The Irish War of Independence was a guerrilla conflict and most of the fighting was conducted on a small scale by the standards of conventional warfare. Although there were some large-scale encounters between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the state ...
1921: 3 May: Northern Ireland is established. 1921: 6 December: Irish War of Independence: The War of Independence ends when negotiations between the British government and representatives of the de facto Irish Republic conclude with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State. 1922: 28 June
The 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty (Irish: An Conradh Angla-Éireannach), commonly known in Ireland as The Treaty and officially the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was an agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the government of the Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of Independence. [2]
19 March – Irish War of Independence: Crossbarry Ambush: British troops failed to encircle an outnumbered column of Irish Republican Army volunteers in County Cork, with at least ten British and three IRA deaths. 21 March – Irish War of Independence: Headford Ambush: The Irish Republican Army killed at least nine British troops. [2]
Black and Tans served in all parts of Ireland, but most were sent to southern and western regions where the IRA was most active and fighting was heaviest. [36] By 1921, Black and Tans made up nearly half of all RIC constables in County Tipperary, for example. [36] Few were sent to what became Northern Ireland, however. [36]
On 21 January 1921, an IRA active service unit (ASU) initially set up an ambush near the Royal Canal in preparation for a British lorry which was travelling through the area. When the lorry failed to arrive, Frank Flood , the unit's commander, relocated his men up to a new position along the Tolka river .