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2. Venn diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn_diagram

   A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science.

3. Least common multiple - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_common_multiple

   The same method can also be illustrated with a Venn diagram as follows, with the prime factorization of each of the two numbers demonstrated in each circle and all factors they share in common in the intersection. The lcm then can be found by multiplying all of the prime numbers in the diagram. Here is an example: 48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3,

4. Mathematical diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_diagram

   A Venn diagram is a representation of mathematical sets: a mathematical diagram representing sets as circles, with their relationships to each other expressed through their overlapping positions, so that all possible relationships between the sets are shown.

5. Inclusion–exclusion principle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion–exclusion...

   Venn diagram showing the union of sets A and B as everything not in white. In combinatorics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as

6. Law of total probability - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_total_probability

   Venn diagram; Tree diagram; In probability theory, the law (or formula) of total probability is a fundamental rule relating marginal probabilities to conditional ...

7. Collectively exhaustive events - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectively_exhaustive_events

   Venn diagram; Tree diagram; In probability theory and logic, a set of events is jointly or collectively exhaustive if at least one of the events must occur.

8. Symmetric difference - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference

   Venn diagram of = . The symmetric difference is equivalent to the union of both relative complements, that is: [1] = (), The symmetric difference can also be expressed using the XOR operation ⊕ on the predicates describing the two sets in set-builder notation:

9. Set theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_theory

   Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which can be informally described as collections of objects.Although objects of any kind can be collected into a set, set theory — as a branch of mathematics — is mostly concerned with those that are relevant to mathematics as a whole.