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The momentum transfer plays an important role in the evaluation of neutron, X-ray, and electron diffraction for the investigation of condensed matter. Laue-Bragg diffraction occurs on the atomic crystal lattice, conserves the wave energy and thus is called elastic scattering, where the wave numbers final and incident particles, and , respectively, are equal and just the direction changes by a ...
In physics, and especially scattering theory, the momentum-transfer cross section (sometimes known as the momentum-transport cross section [1]) is an effective scattering cross section useful for describing the average momentum transferred from a particle when it collides with a target. Essentially, it contains all the information about a ...
There are some notable similarities in equations for momentum, energy, and mass transfer [7] which can all be transported by diffusion, as illustrated by the following examples: Mass: the spreading and dissipation of odors in air is an example of mass diffusion.
Electromigration (red arrow) is due to the momentum transfer from the electrons moving in a wire. Electromigration is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms.
The basic mechanisms and mathematics of heat, mass, and momentum transport are essentially the same. Among many analogies (like Reynolds analogy , Prandtl–Taylor analogy) developed to directly relate heat transfer coefficients, mass transfer coefficients and friction factors, Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy proved to be the most accurate.
As long as the sum of k 1 and k 2 stay inside the first Brillouin zone (grey squares), k 3 is the sum of the former two, thus conserving phonon momentum. This process is called normal scattering (N-process). With increasing phonon momentum and thus larger wave vectors k 1 and k 2, their sum might point outside the first Brillouin zone (k' 3).
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TMDs are an extension of the concept of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and structure functions that are measured in deep inelastic scattering (DIS). Some TMDs provide the dependence of the probabilities that the PDFs represent and that give rise to the DIS structure functions, namely the quark momentum probability distribution () for the unpolarized structure function () and the quark ...