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The mid central unrounded vowel is frequently written with the symbol ə . If greater precision is desired, the symbol for the close-mid central unrounded vowel may be used with a lowering diacritic, ɘ̞ , or for the open-mid central unrounded vowel with a raising diacritic, ɜ̝ .
In the vowel diagram, convenient reference points are provided for specifying tongue position. The position of the highest point of the arch of the tongue is considered to be the point of articulation of the vowel. The vertical dimension of the vowel diagram is known as vowel height, which includes high, central (mid), or low vowels.
The only mid vowel with a dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is the mid central vowel with ambiguous rounding [ə].. The IPA divides the vowel space into thirds, with the close-mid vowels such as [e] or [o] and the open-mid vowels such as [ɛ] or [ɔ] equidistant in formant space between open [a] or [ɒ] and close [i] or [u].
Mid central vowel: mid: central: undefined: 322: ə ə @ Sound sample ⓘ Open-mid front unrounded vowel: open-mid: front: unrounded: 303: ɛ ɛ E Sound sample ⓘ Open-mid front rounded vowel: open-mid: front: rounded: 311: œ œ 9 Sound sample ⓘ Open-mid central unrounded vowel: open-mid: central: unrounded: 326: ɜ ɜ 3 ...
The central vowels that have dedicated symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet are: close central unrounded vowel [ɨ] close central protruded vowel [ʉ] close-mid central unrounded vowel [ɘ] (older publications may use ë ) close-mid central rounded vowel [ɵ] (older publications may use ö ) mid central vowel with ambiguous rounding [ə]
Vowels with the tongue moved towards the front of the mouth (such as [ɛ], the vowel in "met") are to the left in the chart, while those in which it is moved to the back (such as [ʌ], the vowel in "but") are placed to the right in the chart. In places where vowels are paired, the right represents a rounded vowel (in which the lips are rounded ...
mid central vowel: English about, German bitte, Swedish beredd: 6: ɐ: near-open central unrounded vowel: German besser, Catalan mare: 3: ɜ: open-mid central unrounded vowel: English bird: a: a~ä: open front unrounded vowel/ open central unrounded vowel: Spanish barra, French bateau, German Haar, Italian pazzo} ʉ: close central rounded vowel ...
Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]