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When a dough or batter is mixed, the starch in the flour and the water in the dough form a matrix [2] (often supported further by proteins like gluten or polysaccharides, such as pentosans or xanthan gum). The starch then gelatinizes and sets, leaving gas bubbles that remain.
A single-crust pie with a filling made from flour, butter, salt, vanilla, and cream, with brown sugar or maple syrup. Sugar pie: Northern France and Belgium: Sweet Either a leavened dough topped with sugar, or a pie crust filled with a sugar mixture (similar to a treacle tart). Also popular in French Canada. Sweet potato pie [19] United States
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Dough conditioners may include enzymes , yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants , bleaching agents and emulsifiers . [ 1 ]
All strains of S. cerevisiae can grow aerobically on glucose, maltose, [26] and trehalose [27] and fail to grow on lactose and cellobiose. However, growth on other sugars is variable. Galactose and fructose are shown to be two of the best fermenting sugars. The ability of yeasts to use different sugars can differ depending on whether they are ...
The difference between crumb and crust. Close up of the crust. Pie crust. In baking, a crust is the outer, hard skin of bread or the shell of a pie. Generally, it is made up of at least shortening or another fat, water, flour, and salt. [1] It may also include milk, sugar, or other ingredients that contribute to the taste or texture.
Microbial food cultures are live bacteria, yeasts or moulds used in food production. Microbial food cultures carry out the fermentation process in foodstuffs. Used by humans since the Neolithic period (around 10 000 years BC) [1] fermentation helps to preserve perishable foods and to improve their nutritional and organoleptic qualities (in this case, taste, sight, smell, touch).
Mother dough often refers to a sourdough, and in this context the term starter often refers to all or a piece of mother dough; [8] however, mother dough may also refer to a first-generation yeast sponge; [9] so the process [10] used in relation to the ingredients and fermentation times is important to understanding yeast versus sourdough methods.
Rhizopus stolonifer is commonly known as black bread mold. [1] It is a member of Zygomycota and considered the most important species in the genus Rhizopus . [ 2 ] It is one of the most common fungi in the world and has a global distribution although it is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. [ 3 ]