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There are a few equivalent ways to state this definition. A cyclic order on X is the same as a permutation that makes all of X into a single cycle, which is a special type of permutation - a circular permutation. Alternatively, a cycle with n elements is also a Z n-torsor: a set with a free transitive action by a finite cyclic group. [1]
An arrangement of distinct objects in a circular manner is called a circular permutation. [ 39 ] [ e ] These can be formally defined as equivalence classes of ordinary permutations of these objects, for the equivalence relation generated by moving the final element of the linear arrangement to its front.
The permutation by duplication mechanism for producing a circular permutation. First, a gene 1-2-3 is duplicated to form 1-2-3-1-2-3. Next, a start codon is introduced before the first domain 2 and a stop codon after the second domain 1, removing redundant sections and resulting in a circularly permuted gene 2-3-1.
A cyclic permutation consisting of a single 8-cycle. There is not widespread consensus about the precise definition of a cyclic permutation. Some authors define a permutation σ of a set X to be cyclic if "successive application would take each object of the permuted set successively through the positions of all the other objects", [1] or, equivalently, if its representation in cycle notation ...
100 prisoners problem; A. Alternating permutation; ... Cayley's theorem; Change ringing; Circular permutation in proteins; Claw-free permutation; Computing the permanent;
Enumerations of specific permutation classes; Factorial. Falling factorial; Permutation matrix. Generalized permutation matrix; Inversion (discrete mathematics) Major index; Ménage problem; Permutation graph; Permutation pattern; Permutation polynomial; Permutohedron; Rencontres numbers; Robinson–Schensted correspondence; Sum of permutations ...
In combinatorics, the twelvefold way is a systematic classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets, which include the classical problems of counting permutations, combinations, multisets, and partitions either of a set or of a number.
However, not all n-tuples have n distinct circular shifts. For instance, the 4-tuple (a, b, a, b) only has 2 distinct circular shifts. The number of distinct circular shifts of an n-tuple is , where k is a divisor of n, indicating the maximal number of repeats over all subpatterns.