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A mule is a sterile hybrid of a male donkey and a female horse.Mules are smaller than horses but stronger than donkeys, making them useful as pack animals.. In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction.
Hybridization without change in chromosome number is called homoploid hybrid speciation. [1] This is the situation found in most animal hybrids. For a hybrid to be viable, the chromosomes of the two organisms will have to be very similar, i.e., the parent species must be closely related, or else the difference in chromosome arrangement will ...
One example is a cross between a California kingsnake and a corn snake called the "jungle corn snake." [6] [7] Genus Lampropeltis. A fertile cross between a California kingsnake and Pueblan milk snake is called an "imperial Pueblan milk snake." [8] [7] A fertile cross between a California kingsnake and whitesided black rat snake (Pantherophis ...
A simplification of an allopatric speciation experiment where two lines of fruit flies are raised on maltose and starch media. Laboratory experiments of speciation have been conducted for all four modes of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric; and various other processes involving speciation: hybridization, reinforcement, founder effects, among others.
In genomics, DNA–DNA hybridization is a molecular biology technique that measures the degree of genetic similarity between DNA sequences. It is used to determine the genetic distance between two organisms and has been used extensively in phylogeny and taxonomy .
Hybridization Confirmed or putative hybridization? Putative parental/ introgressive species Polyploid or homoploid? Polyploid chromosome count References Notes Abelmoschus esculentus: Okra: Malvaceae: Allopolyploid origin: Putative: Uncertain: Polyploid (tetraploid) usually 2n=4x=130: Joshi and Hardas, 1956; Schafleitner et al., 2013: Variable ...
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a laboratory method used to detect and locate a DNA sequence, often on a particular chromosome. [4]In the 1960s, researchers Joseph Gall and Mary Lou Pardue found that molecular hybridization could be used to identify the position of DNA sequences in situ (i.e., in their natural positions within a chromosome).
Hybridization is considered to be an evolutionary catalyst capable of generating novel genotypes or phenotypes in a single generation. [1] [2] It can also happen with morphologically dissimilar but closely related species (Example: Helianthus giganteus, the giant sunflower). [4]