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IRDS affects about 1% of newborns and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. [5] Data have shown the choice of elective caesarean sections to strikingly increase the incidence of respiratory distress in term infants; dating back to 1995, the UK first documented 2,000 annual caesarean section births requiring ...
Corticosteroids may increase the number of ventilator-free days during the first 28 days of hospitalization. [31] One study found that dexamethasone may help. [ 32 ] The combination of hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine also requires further study as of 2018.
In fluid dynamics, the Hagen–Poiseuille equation is a physical law that gives the pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a long cylindrical pipe. The assumptions of the equation are that the flow is laminar viscous and incompressible and the flow is through a constant circular cross-section that is substantially longer than its diameter.
In medicine, the number needed to harm (NNH) is an epidemiological measure that indicates how many persons on average need to be exposed to a risk factor over a specific period to cause harm in an average of one person who would not otherwise have been harmed.
The number needed to treat (NNT) or number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) is an epidemiological measure used in communicating the effectiveness of a health-care intervention, typically a treatment with medication. The NNT is the average number of patients who need to be treated to prevent one additional bad outcome.
A patient's self-reported pain is so critical in the pain assessment method that it has been described as the "most valid measure" of pain. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The focus on patient report of pain is an essential aspect of any pain scale, but there are additional features that should be included in a pain scale.
In SI units, number density is measured in m −3, although cm −3 is often used. However, these units are not quite practical when dealing with atoms or molecules of gases, liquids or solids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, because the resulting numbers are extremely large (on the order of 10 20).
Normal values of ESR have been quoted as 1 [24] to 2 [25] mm/h at birth, rising to 4 mm/h 8 days after delivery, [25] and then to 17 mm/h by day 14. [24] Typical normal ranges quoted are: [6] Newborn: 0 to 2 mm/h; Neonatal to puberty: 3 to 13 mm/h, but other laboratories place an upper limit of 20. [26]