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The structure of H + 3 The MO diagram of the trihydrogen cation. The three hydrogen atoms in the molecule form an equilateral triangle , with a bond length of 0.90 Å on each side. The bonding among the atoms is a three-center two-electron bond , a delocalized resonance hybrid type of structure.
3 ions can be made in a duoplasmatron where an electric discharge passed through low pressure molecular hydrogen. This causes some H 2 to become H + 2. Then H 2 + H + 2 → H + 3 + H. The reaction is exothermic with an energy of 1.7 eV, so the ions produced are hot with much vibrational energy.
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Homonuclear triatomic molecules contain three of the same kind of atom. That molecule will be an allotrope of that element. Ozone, O 3 is an example of a triatomic molecule with all atoms the same. Triatomic hydrogen, H 3, is unstable and breaks up spontaneously. H 3 +, the trihydrogen cation is stable by itself and is symmetric.
English: This figure shows structure of H 3 +. The arrangement of the hydrogen atoms in the ion is equilateral triangle. The arrangement of the hydrogen atoms in the ion is equilateral triangle. Length between two H atoms is about 9.0 × 10 -11 m, which is derived from the rotational constants(B 0 = 43cm -1 , C 0 = 20cm -1 ).
The two electrons go into the bonding orbital, resulting in a net bonding effect and constituting a chemical bond among all three atoms. In many common bonds of this type, the bonding orbital is shifted towards two of the three atoms instead of being spread equally among all three. Example molecules with 3c–2e bonds are the trihydrogen cation ...
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on de.wikipedia.org Protonierter Wasserstoff; Usage on es.wikipedia.org Hidrógeno molecular protonado
This book contains predicted electron configurations for the elements up to 172, as well as 184, based on relativistic Dirac–Fock calculations by B. Fricke in Fricke, B. (1975). Dunitz, J. D. (ed.). "Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Structure and Bonding. 21. Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 89– 144.