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Lithium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiCN. It is a toxic, white coloured, hygroscopic , water-soluble salt that finds only niche uses. Preparation
Cyanide is unstable in water, but the reaction is slow until about 170 °C. It undergoes hydrolysis to give ammonia and formate, which are far less toxic than cyanide: [14] CN − + 2 H 2 O → HCO − 2 + NH 3. Cyanide hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction.
LiCl is removed by filtration from an ethereal solution of LAH, with subsequent precipitation of LAH to yield a product containing around 1% w/w LiCl. [10] An alternative preparation starts from LiH, and metallic Al instead of AlCl 3. Catalyzed by a small quantity of TiCl 3 (0.2%), the reaction proceeds well using dimethylether as solvent. This ...
The cyanide source can be potassium cyanide (KCN), sodium cyanide (NaCN) or trimethylsilyl cyanide ((CH 3) 3 SiCN). With aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, the benzoin condensation is a competing reaction. The reaction is used in carbohydrate chemistry as a chain extension method for example that of D-xylose.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Sodium borohydride and lithium aluminium hydride are commonly used for the reduction of organic compounds. [3] [4] These two reagents are on the extremes of reactivity—whereas lithium aluminium hydride reacts with nearly all reducible functional groups, sodium borohydride reacts with a much more limited range of functional groups.
Potassium dicyanoaurate (or potassium gold cyanide) is an inorganic compound with formula K[Au 2]. It is a colorless to white solid that is soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol . The salt itself is often not isolated, but solutions of the dicyanoaurate ion ( [Au(CN) 2 ] − ) are generated on a large scale in the extraction of gold ...
A similar reaction is used to make potassium cyanate. Cyanates are produced when cyanides are oxidized. Use of this fact is made in cyanide decontamination processes where oxidants such as permanganate and hydrogen peroxide are used to convert toxic cyanide into less-toxic cyanate.