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An analog VU meter with peak LED. A volume unit (VU) meter or standard volume indicator (SVI) is a device displaying a representation of the signal level in audio equipment.. The original design was proposed in the 1940 IRE paper, A New Standard Volume Indicator and Reference Level, written by experts from CBS, NBC, and Bell Telephone Laboratories. [1]
The analog VU meters are actually closer to the human ear's perception of sound level because the response time was intentionally slow - around 300 milliseconds, [2] and thus, many audio engineers and sound professionals prefer to use older analog style metering [citation needed] because it more accurately relates to what a human listener will ...
LED VU meter for your hi-fi: Here's an all-electronic digital VU meter that you can add to your hi-fi system. Bradley Albing: 52/5: May 1981 Computer-to-Selectric interface: Part 2—An inexpensive way to use an IBM Selectric typewriter as a hard copy printer for your computer. E. G. Brooner: 52/5: May 1981 $60 modem: Give your computer a ...
A peak programme meter (PPM) is an instrument used in professional audio that indicates the level of an audio signal. Different kinds of PPM fall into broad categories: True peak programme meter. This shows the peak level of the waveform no matter how brief its duration. Quasi peak programme meter (QPPM). This only shows the true level of the ...
A goniometer is often included in analog audio equipment to display a Lissajous figure which shows the amount of stereo (that is, phase differences) in a dual-channel signal. [1] It allows the sound technician to adjust for optimal stereo and determine the makeup of errors such as an inverted signal.
In analogue systems, alignment level in broadcast chains is commonly 0 dBu (0.775 volts RMS) and in professional audio is commonly 0 VU (4 dBu, 1.228 volts RMS). Under normal situations, the 0 VU reference allows for a headroom of 18 dB or more above the reference level without significant distortion.
The common practice of mastering music for CD involved matching the highest peak of a recording at, or close to, digital full scale, and referring to digital levels along the lines of more familiar analog VU meters. When using VU meters, a certain point (usually −14 dB below the disc's maximum amplitude) was used in the same way as the ...
The design for most of these products featured a true dual-mono path for stereo output (where no electrical components are shared between left- and right-channel amplification). Front plates were typically made in brushed aluminium with aluminium knobs and switches, glass covers, and in some cases analog VU meters.
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