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During the dyeing process, the dye must become close and even with the material in order to produce a uniform color that is fast to moisture, heat, and light. [5] Due to their superior fastness properties and simple application, reactive dyes are currently the most common type of dye for cotton dyeing. [6] The CPB technique uses less water and ...
The Progress of Cotton. Barfoot's series of coloured lithographs of 1840 depicting the cotton manufacturing process. Spinning the Web, Manchester Libraries: Darton. p. 12; Miller, Ian; Wild, Chris (2007). A & G Murray and the Cotton Mills of Ancoats. Lancaster: Oxford Archaeology North. ISBN 978-0-904220-46-9.
Scouring is a chemical washing process carried out on cotton fabric to remove natural wax and non-fibrous impurities (e.g. The remains of seed fragments) from the fibers and any added soiling or dirt. Scouring is usually carried in iron vessels called kiers. The fabric is boiled in an alkali, which forms a soap with free fatty acids ...
Cotton is shipped to mills in large 500-pound bales. When the cotton comes out of a bale, it is all packed together and still contains vegetable matter. The bale is broken open using a machine with large spikes, called an opener. To fluff up the cotton and remove the vegetable matter, the cotton is sent through a picker or a similar machine.
Cotton is an absorbent fibre which responds readily to colouration processes. Dyeing is commonly carried out with an anionic direct dye by completely immersing the fabric (or yarn) in an aqueous dyebath according to a prescribed procedure. For improved fastness to washing, rubbing, and light, other dyes such as vats and reactives are commonly ...
The like charges repel each other, and the addition of salt aids in dyeing by generating a positive charge on the cotton surface. [7] [8] The industry has predominantly used reactive dyes to color knitted cotton goods. The treatment of salt-laden, colored effluent generated by the dyeing process is one of the industry's primary concerns. Cotton ...
The fabric piece is then moved down from the wound roller, through the dye solution and back onto the other roll. The rollers can be reversed so that the process of unwinding and winding can be done multiple times until the dyeing process is complete. Once the process has finished the dye bath is cooled and the fabric is taken out and dried ...
Scouring is an essential pre-treatment for the subsequent finishing stages that include bleaching, dyeing, and printing. [5] Raw and unfinished textiles contain a significant amount of impurities, both natural and foreign.