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The D9 armour deflected RPG rockets and even 9K11 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger) ATGMs. Slat armour is designed to protect against anti-tank rocket and missile attacks, where the warhead is a shaped charge. The slats are spaced so that the warhead is either partially deformed before detonating, or the fuzing mechanism is damaged, thereby preventing ...
In excess new nano-ceramic armour overlaying a vehicle's base armour, which is backed up by a spall-liner, can achieve a weight reduction of more than 40% to meet the Level 3 of STANAG 4569. [4] Furthermore, AMAP's glue and lining components work efficiently even at high temperatures (like 80 °C (176 °F)). [4]
The best result was achieved by utilizing a 20 millimetres (0.79 in) thick MEXAS armour panel on top of a 7.3 millimetres (0.29 in) HHA plate fitted with a 10 millimetres (0.39 in) liner on the interior — a mass efficiency of 3.5; however the higher thickness decreased the thickness efficiency to 0.8 compared to the other tested armour layouts.
Spall are fragments of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. It can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure (as in a ball bearing). Spalling and spallation both describe the process of surface failure in which spall is shed.
The spall liner stops most of the fragments of the armour and projectile brought about by hull penetration. To further enhance crew protection, the seats are decoupled from the floor, this preventing the shock of a mine-detonation being directly transmitted to the crew.
This fragmentation by blast wave is known as 'scabbing' or 'spalling', with the fragments termed 'scabs or 'spall'. [4] [2]Depending upon the armour thickness, a heavy piece of target material (4 to 10 kg (8.8 to 22.0 lb) for a 120 mm (4.7 in) round used in Arjun MBT [4]) can separate out from the other end of the target with supersonic velocities.
Levothyroxine, a drug used to treat hypothyroidism, can lead to reduced bone mass and density in older adults with normal thyroid levels, a small cohort study has shown.
Most of its improvements were focused on armour protection; it was enhanced by adding external add-on modules to the turret and replacing the turret's internal armour modules with ones of newer, improved composition. [253] The interior received spall liners to reduce fragments if the armour is penetrated. [253]