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The siege of Samarkand (1220) took place in 1220 A.D. after Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire, ruled by Shah Muhammad II. The Mongols had laid siege to the border town of Otrar , but finding its defences obdurate, a large force commanded by Genghis and his youngest son ...
Muhammad had expected the nomadic invaders to fail in capturing Otrar. Its seizure left the Khwarazmian heartland open to conquest—the Mongols would isolate and capture the great cities of Bukhara, Samarkand, and Gurganj in turn. The Otrar oasis would revive as the Syr Darya shifted in its course; the Khwarazmian citadel would remain abandoned.
The Mongol Warlords: Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, Tamerlane (2004) Saunders, J. J. The History of the Mongol Conquests (2001) excerpt and text search; Turnbull, Stephen. Genghis Khan and the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400 (2003) excerpt and text search; Primary sources. Rossabi, Morris. The Mongols and Global History: A Norton Documents ...
Many of the institutions that were later put into place took inspiration from the Qara-Khitai, which Buell termed 'a prototype Mongol Empire'. [32] Records of a Taoist delegation to the area in 1221 reveal that Samarkand and Bukhara were beginning to be repopulated with Chinese and Khitan artisan settlers; [46] the area was
The Mongols conquered Samarkand in 1220. Juvayni writes that Genghis killed all who took refuge in the citadel and the mosque, pillaged the city completely, and conscripted 30,000 young men along with 30,000 craftsmen. Samarkand suffered at least one other Mongol sack by Khan Baraq to get treasure he needed to pay
The Mongol invasion of Khorasan took place in 1220–1221, during the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire. As the Khwarazmian Empire disintegrated after the capture of the large cities of Samarkand and Bukhara by the Mongol Empire , Shah Muhammad II fled westwards in the hope of gathering an army.
He was defeated and retreated. Realizing that Timur was also defeated, he realized that he had lost the battle and fled towards Samarkand. [citation needed] The Mongols came and besieged Samarkand, Timur's capital, neither Amir Hussein nor Timur faced the Mongols. Samarkand was left to its fate, and by their own efforts they defeated the Mongols.
Timur started his journey from Samarkand. He invaded the north Indian subcontinent (present day Pakistan and North India ) by crossing the Indus River on September 30, 1398. Timurid forces firstly sacked Tulamba [ 10 ] and then Multan by October 1398. [ 11 ]