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An ellipse has two axes and two foci Unlike most other elementary shapes, such as the circle and square , there is no algebraic equation to determine the perimeter of an ellipse . Throughout history, a large number of equations for approximations and estimates have been made for the perimeter of an ellipse.
This is not a problem with a block displayed formula, and also typically not with inline formulas that exceed the normal line height marginally (for example formulas with subscripts and superscripts). The use of LaTeX in a piped link or in a section heading does not appear in blue in the linked text or the table of content. Moreover, links to ...
Angular eccentricity is one of many parameters which arise in the study of the ellipse or ellipsoid. It is denoted here by α (alpha). It is denoted here by α (alpha). It may be defined in terms of the eccentricity , e , or the aspect ratio, b/a (the ratio of the semi-minor axis and the semi-major axis ):
Lamé's equation is + (+ ℘ ()) =, where A and B are constants, and ℘ is the Weierstrass elliptic function.The most important case is when ℘ = , where is the elliptic sine function, and = (+) for an integer n and the elliptic modulus, in which case the solutions extend to meromorphic functions defined on the whole complex plane.
is an odd function, i.e. ℘ ′ = ℘ ′ (). [6] One of the main results of the theory of elliptic functions is the following: Every elliptic function with respect to a given period lattice Λ {\displaystyle \Lambda } can be expressed as a rational function in terms of ℘ {\displaystyle \wp } and ℘ ′ {\displaystyle \wp '} .
Given a curve, E, defined by some equation in a finite field (such as E: y 2 = x 3 + ax + b), point multiplication is defined as the repeated addition of a point along that curve. Denote as nP = P + P + P + … + P for some scalar (integer) n and a point P = ( x , y ) that lies on the curve, E .
This equation is not defined on the line at infinity, but we can multiply by to get one that is : Z Y 2 = X 3 + a Z 2 X + b Z 3 {\displaystyle ZY^{2}=X^{3}+aZ^{2}X+bZ^{3}} This resulting equation is defined on the whole projective plane, and the curve it defines projects onto the elliptic curve of interest.
More formulas of this nature can be given, as explained by Ramanujan's theory of elliptic functions to alternative bases. Perhaps the most notable hypergeometric inversions are the following two examples, involving the Ramanujan tau function τ {\displaystyle \tau } and the Fourier coefficients j {\displaystyle \mathrm {j} } of the J-invariant ...