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Catharism (/ ˈ k æ θ ər ɪ z əm / KATH-ər-iz-əm; [1] from the Ancient Greek: καθαροί, romanized: katharoí, "the pure ones" [2]) was a Christian quasi-dualist or pseudo-Gnostic movement, which thrived in the anti-materialist revival in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. [3]
The terms Cathar, Catharism and even Perfecti and Credentes were ones used by their persecutors, the religious and temporal authorities of the time. The Cathars themselves never referred to themselves as such, calling themselves only "Bons Hommes", "Bonnes Femmes" or "Bons Chrétiens" (i.e. "Good Men", "Good Women" and "Good Christians").
Consolamentum (called heretication by its Catholic opponents) was the unique sacrament of the Cathars. [1] Cathars believed in original sin, and – like Gnostics – believed temporal pleasure to be sinful or unwise. The process of living thus inevitably incurred "regret" that required "consolation" to move nearer to God or to approach heaven.
A Cathar Perfect had to undergo a rigorous training of three years before being inducted as a member of the spiritual elite of the religious movement. [ citation needed ] This took place during a ceremony in which various Scriptural extracts were quoted, including, most particularly, the opening verses of the Gospel of John [ citation needed ] .
He became archdeacon of Maguelonne, [1] and in 1199 was appointed by Pope Innocent III as one of the papal legates for the suppression of the Cathar heresy in Languedoc. [2] In 1202, he made profession as a Cistercian monk at the abbey of Fontfroide , [ 2 ] Narbonne , and by 1203 was confirmed as papal legate and chief inquisitor , first in ...
The siege of Minerve was a military engagement which took place in June and July 1210 during the Albigensian Crusade in the town of Minerve in southern France.It was undertaken by the Catholic Crusaders against the Cathars in southern France, who were regarded as a heretical sect.
The origins of both the term Cagots (and Agotes, Capots, Caqueux, etc.) and the Cagots themselves are uncertain.It has been suggested that they were descendants of the Visigoths [1] [2] defeated by Clovis I at the Battle of Vouillé, [3] [4] and that the name Cagot derives from caas ("dog") and the Old Occitan for Goth gòt around the 6th century. [5]
Cathar castles; Cathar Perfect; Cathar yellow cross; Caussou; Château de Puilaurens; Comparison of Catharism and Protestantism; Conrad Dorso and John the One-Eyed; Consolamentum; Council of Saint-Félix; Credentes