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[28] [29] Some turbocharger designs are available with multiple turbine housing options, allowing a housing to be selected to best suit the engine's characteristics and the performance requirements. A turbocharger's performance is closely tied to its size, [30] and the relative sizes of the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel. Large turbines ...
Positive displacement superchargers deliver an almost constant level of boost pressure increase at all engine speeds, while dynamic superchargers cause the boost pressure to rise exponentially with engine speed (above a certain threshold). [4] Another family of supercharger, albeit rarely used, is the pressure wave supercharger.
A turbocharger for a car engine A supercharger (on top of a dark-grey inlet manifold) for a car engine. In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air.
Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone Turbo-Compound radial engine.. The first aircraft engine to be tested with a power-recovery turbine was the Rolls-Royce Crecy.This was used primarily to drive a geared centrifugal supercharger, although it was also coupled to the crankshaft and gave an extra 15 to 35 percent fuel economy.
The supercharger typically will need to be of the positive-displacement (Roots or screw) type due to its ability to produce boost at relatively low engine speeds. Otherwise, low-speed power will suffer. Alternatively, a turbocharger can be used for greater efficiency, if low-speed operation is not required, or supplemented with electric motors.
Energy exchange in the pressure-wave supercharger occurs at sonic velocity, resulting in good response even at low engine speeds, a common downfall of turbocharged engines. It combines the advantages of mechanical and exhaust gas supercharging, offering ample torque at lower engine speeds. [10]
Diesel engines are typically well suited to turbocharging due to two factors: A "lean" air–fuel ratio, caused when the turbocharger supplies excess air into the engine, is not a problem for diesel engines, because the torque control is dependent on the mass of fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber (i.e. air-fuel ratio), rather than the quantity of the air-fuel mixture.
A scooter with a supercharger, the Peugeot JetForce Compressor, was available in late 2003. Kawasaki confirmed it would be re-entering the market with the supercharged Kawasaki Ninja H2, announced in October, 2014. [7] [8] [9] This was followed by the H2 SX SE sports tourer, [10] and for 2020 Kawasaki announced a new naked model, designated Z ...