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Vision is an important sensory system for most species of fish. Fish eyes are similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates like birds and mammals, but have a more spherical lens. Their retinas generally have both rod cells and cone cells (for scotopic and photopic vision), and most species have colour vision.
Freshwater fish. Tench are common freshwater fish throughout temperate Eurasia. Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference ...
[53] [55] This is to compensate for the low oxygen environment. This adaptation is associated with developmental patterns such as high birth weight, increased lung volumes, increased breathing, and higher resting metabolism. [56] [57] The genome of Tibetans provided the first clue to the molecular evolution of high-altitude adaptation in 2010. [58]
Climate change is modifying fish distributions [ 6] and the productivity of marine and freshwater species. Climate change is expected to lead to significant changes in the availability and trade of fish products. [ 7] The geopolitical and economic consequences will be significant, especially for the countries most dependent on the sector.
Conversely, freshwater has less osmolytes than the fish's internal fluids. Therefore, freshwater fishes must utilize their gill ionocytes to attain ions from their environment to maintain optimal blood osmolarity. [6] [10] In some primitive bony fishes and amphibians, the larvae bear external gills, branching off from the gill arches. [11]
Aquatic respiration. Sea slugs respire through a gill (or ctenidium) Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic organism exchanges respiratory gases with water, obtaining oxygen from oxygen dissolved in water and excreting carbon dioxide and some other metabolic waste products into the water.
The axolotl (/ ˈæksəlɒtəl / ⓘ; from Classical Nahuatl: āxōlōtl [aːˈʃoːloːtɬ] ⓘ) (Ambystoma mexicanum) [3] is a paedomorphic salamander closely related to the tiger salamander. [3][4][5] It is unusual among amphibians in that it reaches adulthood without undergoing metamorphosis. Instead of taking to the land, adults remain ...
Fish physiology is the scientific study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. [ 2 ] It can be contrasted with fish anatomy, which is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. In practice, fish anatomy and physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or ...