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Intentional weight loss is the loss of total body mass as a result of efforts to improve fitness and health, or to change appearance through slimming. Weight loss is the main treatment for obesity, [1] [2] [3] and there is substantial evidence this can prevent progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes with a 7–10% weight loss and manage cardiometabolic health for diabetic people with a ...
Promising rapid weight loss such as more than 1 kg/week (2 lb/week) or other extraordinary claims that are "too good to be true" Being nutritionally imbalanced, or highly restrictive, forbidding entire food groups, or even allowing one food or food type. In the most extreme form, they may claim that humans can survive without eating [19]
The routine use of VLCDs is not recommended due to safety concerns, but this approach can be used under medical supervision if there is a clinical rationale for rapid weight loss in obese individuals, as part of a "multi-component weight management strategy" with continuous support and for a maximum of 12 weeks, according to the NICE 2014 guidelines. [12]
[22] [178] [185] Intermittent fasting has no additional benefit of weight loss compared to continuous energy restriction. [184] Adherence is a more important factor in weight loss success than whatever kind of diet an individual undertakes. [184] [186] Several hypo-caloric diets are effective. [22]
Unwanted weight loss of more than 5% within 6 months. [2] [19] For people with a BMI of less than 20 kg/m 2, weight loss of more than 2%. [2] [19] [27] For people with sarcopenia, weight loss of more than 2%. [2] [19] [27] New ways to score and stage cachexia are being explored, particularly in people with advanced cancer. [19]
Weight loss drugs have been developed since the early twentieth century, and many have been banned or withdrawn from the market due to adverse effects, including deaths; other drugs proved ineffective. Although many earlier drugs were stimulants such as amphetamines, in the early 2020s, GLP-1 receptor agonists became popular for weight loss.
The majority of guidelines agree that a calorie deficit, particularly 500-750 kcal daily, can be recommended to those who want to lose weight. [5] [12] A moderate decrease in caloric intake will lead to a slow weight loss, which is often more beneficial than a rapid weight loss for long term weight management. [8]
Rapid weight loss after obesity surgery can contribute to the development of gallstones, especially at 6 and 18 months. [27] [29] Estimates for prevalence of symptomatic gallstones after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass range from 3–13%. [18] The risk of gallstones following bariatric surgery has shown to be higher among those of the female sex. [49]