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The Chipko movement (Hindi: चिपको आन्दोलन, lit. 'hugging movement') is a forest conservation movement in India. Opposed to commercial logging and the government's policies on deforestation, protesters in the 1970s engaged in tree hugging , wrapping their arms around trees so that they could not be felled.
This event has been considered as the origins of the 20th century Chipko movement. 1739 — Benjamin Franklin and neighbors petition Pennsylvania Assembly to stop waste dumping and remove tanneries from Philadelphia's commercial district. Foul smell, lower property values, disease and interference with fire fighting are cited.
The killings were carried out on the orders of his minister, Giridhar Bhandari. The effort had a long-term impact on environmental advocacy, and the massacre later became known as a precursor to the 20th-century Chipko movement. Due to the sacrifice of the protesters, the ruler took back his earlier order of felling trees. [1]
In 1800 the Irish Parliament and the Parliament of Great Britain each passed an Act of Union which, from 1 January 1801, abolished the Irish legislature and merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 1801
The Fenian Rising of 1867 (Irish: Éirí Amach na bhFíníní, 1867, IPA: [ˈeːɾʲiː əˈmˠax n̪ˠə ˈvʲiːnʲiːnʲiː]) was a rebellion against British rule in Ireland, organised by the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB).
[12] [13] The slow emancipation of Catholics in Ireland began later the early 1800s. British oppression led to increasing impoverishment and depopulation of Ireland (the island had still not returned to its 1800 population by the early 21st century). Between 1845 and 1849, Ireland experienced a great famine caused by potato blight.
Early interest in the environment was a feature of the Romantic movement in the early 19th century. In Britain the poet William Wordsworth travelled extensively in the Lake District and wrote that it is a "sort of national property in which every man has a right and interest who has an eye to perceive and a heart to enjoy".
Shekhar Pathak is a historian, editor, publisher, activist, and traveller from Uttarakhand, India.He is known for his extensive knowledge of the history of colonial and postcolonial social movements and contemporary environmental and social issues in Uttarakhand, and colonial exploration in the Himalayas and Tibet.