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The electric telegraph was slower to develop in France due to the established optical telegraph system, but an electrical telegraph was put into use with a code compatible with the Chappe optical telegraph. The Morse system was adopted as the international standard in 1865, using a modified Morse code developed in Germany in 1848. [1]
The operational costs of the telegraph in the year 1799/1800 were 434,000 francs ($1.2 million in 2015 in silver costs [35]). In December 1800, Napoleon cut the budget of the telegraph system by 150,000 francs ($400,000 in 2015) [35] leading to the Paris-Lyons line being temporarily closed. Chappe sought commercial uses of the system to make up ...
Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837 Morse telegraph Hughes telegraph, an early (1855) teleprinter built by Siemens and Halske. Electrical telegraphy is a point-to-point text messaging system, primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century.
In comparison, the cost of the telegraph across the whole of continental Europe was only £4 million. [189] It was alleged in Parliament, somewhat speculatively, that a new UK telegraph system could have been built from scratch for £2 million. [190]
Contemporary map of the 1858 transatlantic cable route. Transatlantic telegraph cables were undersea cables running under the Atlantic Ocean for telegraph communications. . Telegraphy is an obsolete form of communication, and the cables have long since been decommissioned, but telephone and data are still carried on other transatlantic telecommunication
The Chappe telegraph was a French semaphore telegraph system invented by Claude Chappe in the early 1790s. The system was composed of towers placed every 5 to 15 kilometers. Coded messages were sent from tower to tower, with transmission being handled by tower operators using specially designed telescopes.
The Foy–Breguet telegraph, also called the French telegraph, [1] was an electrical telegraph of the needle telegraph type developed by Louis-François-Clement Breguet and Alphonse Foy in the 1840s for use in France. The system used two-needle instruments that presented a display using the same code as that on the optical telegraph of Claude ...
A hydraulic telegraph (Greek: υδραυλικός τηλέγραφος) refers to two different semaphore systems involving the use of water-based mechanisms as a telegraph. The earliest one was developed in 4th-century BC Greece , while the other was developed in 19th-century AD Britain .